O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico: Irish Potato Famine? By M.A. O’Neill

You have certain O’Neill families in Puerto Rico that their origins are not known at all, since they have not taken time to do the genealogical research, or care about a y-dna test. At one time before I came along all the O’Neill’s in Puerto Rico believed to be related or share a common ancestor, but the facts are another proven by extensive genealogical research and y-dna test. 

I have seen that there are still those O’Neill’s in Puerto Rico who believe that they were part of the Irish Potato famine. That is nonsense this event happened in Ireland during 1842 to 1852, and it caused a mass immigration of Irish to the United States, Australia, Canada, and England, and not to Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico was part of the Spanish Crown and emigration to the island was only allowed by Spain. There were only two recorded O’Neill’s to have arrived in Puerto Rico with unknown origins after the 1800’s, and this was during the Royal Decree of the Graces in 1815.

The origin of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico varies on the specific families.

1. The O’Neill’s of the Fews who lived in Rio Piedras, Guaynabo, and San Juan. These were the children of Don Arturo O’Neill of the Fews 2^nd Marques del Norte, and he arrived in Puerto Rico in the early 1800’s, but before that his uncles Don Niall “ Nicolas” O’Neill, Don Enrique O’Neill , and Don Arturo O’Neill 1^st Marquez del Norte were involved in the island.

2. The descendants of Don Juan O’Neill are well established with a unique y-dna haplotype, and an oral history states they are the descendants of a Don Constantino O’Neill in Galicia, Spain whose family fought in the land were people wore wooden shoes, this being the Spanish Netherlands. 

3. There were O’Neill’s who settled on the Island of Vieques with origins from the island of Tortola.

4. There is the oral history of one group of O’Neill’s very different than the descendants of Don Juan O’Neill. Their oral history is of an O’Neill daughter of an O’Neill high ranking military officer who has two children with a native Indian, or a slave, and then is taken away. The two children keep the O’Neill surname years later she returns to find them. My theory is that the origin of this has to do with one of the O’Neill’s of the Fews daughter.

You have the O'Neill de Millán family their genealogy is:

Francisco O'Neill de Millán and Severa Arroyo

Parents of Calixto O’Neill.

A.   Calixto O'Neill married Genoveva Vasquez and they became the parents of Juan O'Neill, Irma O’Neill, Sophia O'Neill, Doris O'Neill, Ruben O’Neill, Emily O'Neill, Lucy O'Neill, and Frank O'Neill.

(It's not known if this O’Neill family is related to the O'Neill's descendants of Don Juan O'Neill, and I personally have my doubts.)

 It's a possibility this could be the 3rd brother of Don Felipe O'Neill Casanas and Don Fransico O'Neill Casanas. Until a y-dna test is taken from one of the males of this family then it will be known. This family seems to be of origins in Aguadilla, Santurce, Ponce and Fajardo. It's very likely these maybe the descendants of one of the O'Neill's of the Fews sons, yet at the moment none come forward with any y-dna samples, or any concrete genealogy.

So at this point we have no idea who these O’Neill are the descendants are and it’s up to them to come forward with a y-dna test and a genealogy.

I have no idea who is this family the O’Neill y Rosario’s is related to:

Juan O’Neill Santos b. 1880 marries Geronima Rosario Camareno b. 1872, and they are both the parents of

 Gregorio O’Neill Rosario b. 1893, Jose O’Neill Rosario b.1894, Heriberto O’Neill Rosario b. 1895, Santiago O’Neill Rosario b. 1896, Ulises O’Neill Rosario b. 1897, Monseratte O’Neill Rosario (Male) 1903, Providencia O’Neill Rosario b. 1904, Victoriana O’Neill Rosario b. 1907, and Vicenta O’Neill Rosario b. 1903.

I have no genealogical record of Juan O’Neill Santos, and none of his descendants have come forward with a y-dna test. So who ever his descendants are hope they come forward with a y-dna test. At this moment their origins are unknown…

The O’Neill’s y Merced family had a stepfather named Anizeto Merced b. 1870. It looks that the children of Francisca O’Neill Rodriguez kept the O’Neill surname from their mother and not their father who is unknown. But for these O’Neill’s to be O’Neill’s Francisca must have married another O’Neill since she was an O’Neill herself. The O’Neill-Baez are related to the O’Neill-Merced by way of Francisca O’Neill Rodriguez but the all the descendants of Francisca O’Neill Rodriguez are not O’Neill’s thru a male line but by their mother. So a Y-DNA sample is needed from the descendants of 

  

•        Esteban O’Neill Merced b. 1908

•        Modesto O’Neill Merced b. 1892

•        Francisco O’Neill Merced b.1898

The truth is that at this point of my research these families must do their own genealogical research, and if they acquire a y-dna test then the puzzle will be simpler to solve. What we do know is that none of the O’Neill’s  to my knowledge at no point did any O’Neill of Puerto Rico arrive on the island during the Potato famine of Ireland, and if they did it will be a unique finding. Also it will be great news, since that would exclude them from being descendants of any of the O’Neill’s who arrived in Puerto Rico from Spain during the early 1700’s.

Anyone with further info can contact me at theredhandking@gmail.com

The Lenaghan distant common relative? By M.O’Neill

It’s has been over 5 years without any concrete y-dna matches outside a cluster of a similar group of people with origins in Yorkshire, England, and the Czech Republic. Until recently with a match of 32/37 with a person of the surname Lenaghan, and looking at the markers that mutate I believe that this Lenaghan y-dna match looks that they might have shared a common family relative, and not a common ancestor, but during what time period. Due to the genetic y-dna distance of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico and this Lenaghan match it’s too far apart to share a common ancestor. Now it should be noted that none of the Lenaghan’s, so far, have tested positive for the SNP L48/S162 R1b1a2a1a1a5c at the moment only found among those O’Neill’s in Puerto Rico those being the descendants of Don Juan O’Neill the last of a possible extinct bloodline. Also I have only seen two Lenaghan get tested for y-dna and the two seem to have the value of 13 at DYS 456. The few Lenaghan’s that I have seen tested have the value of 13 at DYS 456, very uncommon, and found among the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico. Hopefully more Lenaghan come forward with y- DNA test, and more info on their origins and Sept will be available.

13 23 14 11 11-14 12 12 11 13 13 29 - O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico

13 23 14 11 11-14 12 12 11 13 13 29 - Lenaghan

There are many versions of what this surname means, since it was Anglicized from two Irish sources.

1.   The Ó Lennacháin of Roscommon.

2.   The Ó Luingeachán sept of Limerick and Tipperary.

The surname "Ó Leannacháin" is also understood to be derived from 'leann' in the form of 'leannach' meaning 'cloaked' or 'mantled,' and while typically made "Lenihan or "Lenaghan."

Are the Lenaghan’s the descendants of a cloaked man? The only people that wore cloaks in Ireland were those of nobility, and the Vikings. The surname Lenaghan also may be translated to “Long Ship”, and the possible association with Norse or Dane Vikings in Ireland, or a person in Ireland that used long ships.

 Others say the word Leannach or leanach means "possessing mantles", a mantle being a loose, and sleeveless coat.

 The word 'leannán' does mean 'lover' is this as a source of the surname Lenaghan? I have my doubts about that origin.

The variants of this surname: MacClenaghan, McClenaghan, MacLenaghan, McLenaghan, MacClannachan, McClannachan, MacClenahan, McClenahan, Lenaghan, Lenahan, Linehan, MacClenahan, McClenahan, MacClanaghan, McClanaghan, MacClanahan, McClanahan, MacDlenathan, McClenathan, MacClenathen, McClenathen, MacClenathin, McClenathin, MacLanachan, McLanachan, MacLanaghan, McLanaghan, MacLanahan, McLanaghan, MacLenahan, McLenahan, MacLenachan, McLenachan, and Lanachan.

The Lenaghan’s are an obscure clan with limited knowledge of its origins available. One origins of the Lenaghan surname is in Co. Limerick and Co. Cork were it is the most common, and there is the Munster sept which was called O'Luingeachan or O'Leannachain. Another origin is of Connacht from where many of the Lenaghan’s probably descend of the sept named O'Leannachain, which was located in County Roscommon. Some believe this sept O’Lenaghan, were of the Hy Brune Tribe descending from Brian.

There is a group of MacLeannachain or Lenaghan’s that belongs almost exclusively to Ulster, mainly in the Co. Antrim and Co. Derry. The Lenaghan’s appear in the Elizabethan Fiants in the O'Neill Country, and among the Co., Cork “Pardons of 1601”.

 “It is recorded in the O’Neill Country of sixteenth-century Tyrone as Mac Leanachain,”“A common name in the Scottish province of Galloway, from which so many Plantation settlers stemmed.” - The Book of Ulster Surnames by Robert Bell.

“The Lenaghan family is traditionally linked with the Co Roscommon in Ireland. The family is found centered in Tuamma, in the Barony of Boyle, on several occasions.” - The Book of Irish Families Great and Small by Michael C. O’laughlin.
  

Anyone with any further info I can be contacted at Theredhandking@gmail.com

The O’Neill Hovenden link By M.O’Neill

I seem to be the only one who looks up these links, since the majority of O’Neill’s spend their time looking up, and following a dream of some Royal ancestry. This surname Hovenden, Ovington, de Ovenden, or Hovenedan was found among numerous families in Ireland in Ulster. In 1664 in Co. Armagh a Hovenden appears in the lists of Co. Armagh householders. Various records show the Hovendens circa the 1650’s in the counties Cork, Down, Tipperary, and Clare. The surname Hovenden as often been strongly associated with Leix, since the 1550’s their main seat had been at Tankardstown. It’s a very rare surname to find in Ireland, but its variants are still found in Yorkshire, England. Which is very interesting for the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico that maybe these Hovendens could match us, since there is a cluster of people within the SNP L48 with similar haplotype mutations in Yorkshire. None to my knowledge and research have obtained a y-dna test, nor do they have a y-dna project. It will be of great interest, if any do match the majority of the O’Neill’s currently tested, or by some miracle the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico.

 I would not be surprise; if the Hovenden tested their y-dna, and we would find many end up in the SNP L21 R1b1a2a1a1b4 which is very common among the population of England and Ireland, and the majority of O’Neill’s.

Some records show that a Roger de Hovenden, of Hovenden in England, held a place in the court of King Henry II during the 12^th century. A town of Hovenden in York was in existence prior to the reign of Edward the Confessor, and its location is twenty miles from the city of York, on the road from Beverley to Doncaster. The Hovenden surname has many variants such as Ovenden, Ovendon, de Ovenden, and Hovenden. It’s believed to be English locational surname. With origins from two villages one named “Ovenden" located in the former West Riding of Yorkshire, and the other from the village of Ovingdean in Sussex, England.

When Feardorcha “Matthew” O’Neill was killed by Shane “An Diomas” O’Neill, and his son Brian O’Neill, the 2nd Baron of Dungannon, were murdered by his cousin Turlough Leynagh O'Neill, depending on various accounts it’s believed at the order of Shane “The Proud”.

For the safety of Hugh O’Neill, he was adopted by the Hovenedan family and raised in England under Sir Henry Sidney at Ludlow, Shropshire, and at Penshurts in Kent. The adoptive father was Captain Giles Hovenden, he was said to have been involved in the lands granted to the sons of Conn “Baccach” O’Neill in Balgriffen, near Dublin during this time. The question that many do not see to know is why Giles did adopt Hugh O’Neill, and not a man like Sir. Henry Sidney?

Captain Giles Hovenden obtained the Lordship of Killaban in Queens County in 1549. He married Elizabeth Cheevers and they were the parents of one daughter and five sons. His 4th son was named Captain Walter Hovenden and he fought in Flanders under Sir William Stanley. In 1579 Walter Hovenden was slain in Maryborough by the O’Moore when Maryborough Fort and town were burnt down.

The sons of Giles Hovenden that were associated with the O’Neill’s were Giles’s 3^rd Richard Hovenden and 5^th Henry Hovenden who were both foster-brothers of Hugh O'Neill, 2^nd Earl of Tyrone. These two Hovendens were instrumental in capturing some 800 Spaniards of the ship "Trinidad Valencera" and various other vessels part of the Spanish Armada during 1588 on the coast of Donegal. According to all historical records Henry Hovenden was Hugh O'Neill's secretary for over 10 years, confidant, political tactician, messenger, ambassador and a Captain who went on to serve Henry O’Neill, son of Hugh O’Neill,  in Flanders.

Henry Hovenden had a son named Robert "Gentleman of Kenard" Hovenden, who married the widow Catherine O’Neill; she was the daughter of Turlough O'Neill, and the mother of Sir Phelim O'Neill, the leader in the Rebellion of 1641.

 “Grant from the King to Catherine ny Neale, late wife of Terence or Turlagh oge O'Neale, and now wife of Robert Hovenden, gent. - Tyrone Co. In Mointerbirne Territory. The towns and lands of Drommurre or Drominurre and Lisnaloghoge, 1 sessiogh each, Kinard, Carrickaconablie, and Edinadeenard, 1 hal. Kiltegawanagh and Tawnaghatallin, 1 bal. Annaghgawlen and Kiltecamue, I bal. Tullinashingan or Tullinashan, 1 bal. (Dirriecrantohan) 1 hal. Mollinnamanagh or Molleneveagh, and Kilsamsoge, 1 hal. Coologor, 1 bal. Laghtmcanab, 1 bal. Mollaghmosagh and Gower, 1 bal. (Ravickett) or Rathmakett, 1 bal. Aghenisheightragh, 1 hal. Aghenissowtragh, 1 bal. total, 760 acres - ARMAGH Co. In Towrany Territory. Corrafinghna or Carfeaghna, Coolekill, Killcanavan, Ratrelick, Dromgarne, Shantully, (Ardgonell), Finduff or (Feduffe), Nacknockbana and Shankill, Dromquoise or Dromgoose and Cluntyecraghlin, Gortfadda, Skyrre, Crosdalaitragh, Crosdalaoughtragh, (Raconmure), Glasdromen, each 1 balliboe; total, 1600 acres - To hold all the premises to her own use, for the term of ten years; remainder to Phelimy Roe O'Neale, son and heir of the said Tirlough and his heirs.”     - King James I, in 1614 granted Catherine O’Neill

 

The question is did any of the sons of Robert Hovenden and Catherine O’Neill assumed the O’Neill surname? Or did they even have any children?

The O’Neill’s are currently a big puzzle and full of mysteries the problem is that many O’Neill’s do not take their time to think objective and search for the truth. Those of the Hovenden surname may hold a clue to the puzzle of many of the O’Neill’s, but until they obtain y-dna samples we will know. Let’s see what the future holds and what we will find. 

O’Neill’s truly Geoghegan’s By M.O’Neill

Those O’Neill’s who do not know their genealogy prior to the 1800’s and are of origins in Galway should take into account that in 1807, John Geoghegan of Bunowen Castle, County Galway, assumed the surname of O'Neill. He also adopted a coat of arms based on, but differentiated from, the arms of O'Neill.

1.  "Ermine a Dexter hand Gules supported by two lions rampant Azure and in base a salmon in the sea proper.
2.  The Crest: a sinister arm embowed in armor, graphing a sword all-proper".

For whatever reasons envy, jealousy, or God knows why this John Geoghegan assumed the O’Neill surname and all associated with it. The question is how many O’Neill’s are just true Geoghegan’s and not O'Neill?

Who were these Geoghegan’s? The sept of the MacGeoghegans is recorded to be of the southern Ui Neill, and believed to be the descendants of mythical King Niall of the Nine Hostages; they were located in the present barony of Moycashel, Co. Westmeath, with the chiefs' seat near Kilbeggan.

Many of the Geoghegan belong to the SNP R-M222 R1b1a2a1a1b4b this SNP ( Y-chromosome Haplogroup)is found and associated with those surnames of the Uí Néill dynasty, but it is not restricted to the Uí Néill, as it is also associated with the closely related Connacht dynasties, the Uí Briúin, and the Uí Fiachrach.

This group of O’Neill’s maybe out there likely in Australia, the United States, and Ireland. They are the descendants of John Geoghegan and not of any O’Neill, and what makes it more confusing is that many will be tested positive for the SNP R-M222, and believe to be true O’Neill’s. When those that are of the Royal House of O’Neill’s are the descendants, of one Niall Glundubh Mac Áedo, and not Niall of the Nine Hostages.

This is just another added puzzle, of the O’Neill’s that needs to be solved. I highly doubt many of the O’Neill’s will try to find out unless they really care to know the truth.

NOTE: Among those O’Neill’s tested within the R1b SNP’s we find.

1.  O’Neill’s of the SNP L21/S145/M529 R1b1a2a1a1b4 4,000 ybp.

2.  O’Neill’s of the SNP S28/U152 R1b1a2a1a1b3 3,500 ybp.

3.  O’Neill’s of the SNP M222 R1b1a2a1a1b4b 3,000 ybp.

4.  O’Neill’s of the SNP P312/S116 R1b1b2a1b 5,300 ybp.

5.  O’Neill’s of the SNP L2/S139 R1b1a2a1a1b3c 2,500 ybp.

6.  Neely/O’Neill’s of the SNP M405/S21/U106 R1b1a2a1a1a 3,500 ybp.

7.  O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico SNP L48/S162 R1b1a2a1a1a5c. 

O’Neill R1b Haplogroups: I By M.O’Neill

Among those O’Neill’s tested within the R1b SNP’s we find.

1.   O’Neill’s of the SNP L21/S145/M529 R1b1a2a1a1b4 4,000 ybp estimated circa 1990 B.C.

2.   O’Neill’s of the SNP S28/U152     R1b1a2a1a1b3 3,500 ybp estimated circa 1480 B.C.

3.   O’Neill’s of the SNP M222 R1b1a2a1a1b4b 3,000 ybp estimated circa 1480 B.C.

4.   O’Neill’s of the SNP P312/S116 R1b1b2a1b 5,300 ybp estimated circa 3280 B.C.

5.   O’Neill’s of the SNP L2/S139 R1b1a2a1a1b3c 2,500 ybp estimated circa 489 B.C.

6.   Neely/O’Neill’s of the SNP M405/S21/U106 R1b1a2a1a1a 3,500 ybp estimated circa 1480 B.C.

7.   O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico SNP L48/S162 R1b1a2a1a1a5c. 

R1b1a2a1a1b4 R-L21/ M529/ S145 are mostly found in England and Ireland and among the majority of O'Neill.

Its 1^st sub clade R1b1a2a1a1b4b R-M222 is associated with the Irish and Scottish, but especially the northern Irish. Often associated with the Uí Néill dynasty Niall of the Nine Hostages closely related to the Connacht dynasties, the Uí Briúin, and the Uí Fiachrach.

The 2^nd sub clade is R1b1a2a1a1b4f R-L159.2 associated with the Kings of Leinster and Diarmait Mac Murchada. It’s found among those tested in the coastal areas of the Irish Sea, the Isle of Man, the Hebrides, Norway, western and southern Scotland, northern and southern England, northeast France, and northern Denmark.

The 3^rd sub clade is R1b1a2a1a1b4g R-L193 estimated to be 2,000 years old, and associated geographically with the western "Border Region" of Scotland. I’ve yet to see any O’Neill’s tested for this SNP.

The 4^th sub clade is R1b1a2a1a1b4h R-L226 referred to as Irish Type III; it is concentrated in central western Ireland and associated with the Dál gCais of Ireland. I’ve not see any O’Neill’s test positive for this SNP, but very likely once more in the coined phrase “O’Neill Variety” get tested many will likely end up part of this SNP.

The SNP R1b1a2a1a1a M405/S21/U106 is an estimated 3,500 ybp circa 1480 B.C. and found in the geographical regions of Frisia, Benelux, England, Austria, and northern Italy. It’s referred as a Western Germanic SNP and associated with the Germanic tribes. Only way this SNP which is not found with frequency in Ireland is part of the O’Neill’s is either through a Celt – Germanic tribe like the Belgae ,or the Menapii both recorded in Ireland anciently , or a NPE involving the French Normans, Anglo – Saxons, Danes, or Vikings. The O’Neill history has had enough of a dubious genealogy and several NPE (Non Paternal Events) that anything is possible.

These West Germanic tribes were called the Ingvaeones "People of Yngvi", as described in Tacitus's Germania, written circa 98 B.C. These were a cultural group living along what we know now as the North Sea, and its coastal areas of Jutland, Holstein, Frisia, and the Danish islands. By the 1^st century they became known as the Frisii, Saxons, Jutes and Angles. Could have any of these ancient tribes have made into Ireland anciently? Yes, but the lack of this SNP among the O’Neill’s could suggest a core Royal group of O’Neill’s, or a Non Paternal Event.

The SNP L48/S162 R1b1a2a1a1a5c (A sub clade of the R1b1a2a1a1a M405/S21/U106), it’s only to date found among the O’Neill’s in Puerto Rico is said to be of an Eastern Germanic origin. Some theories believe that the East Germanics constituted of migrants who may have moved from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers circa 600 and 300 B.C. Later they went into Southern Europe, and it would be very unlikely that they migrated into Ireland during 600 and 300 B.C.

The SNP S28/U152 R1b1a2a1a1b3     found among those of origins in the Rhine, Meuse & Rhône basins, Alps, and North Italy. The theory is that its origins are in the Hallstatt-La Tène cultures and it’s an indication of an Alpine Celtic origin.

The SNP L2/S139 R1b1a2a1a1b3c     is mainly found in Italy, Germany, Belgium, Britain, Ireland, and Norway. The theory is that it’s of an Alpine Celtic origin.

Note:

Maybe one day when the Clannaboy O’Neill’s, the O’Neill’s of Fews, and others who claim to be of the Royal House of O’Neill get the courage to come forward with a y-dna sample we will either have new answers or new questions. The best way to find the truth is by an independent testing of the ancient O’Neill’s remains.

These clowns waste their time with associations and clan chiefs reunions instead of doing and researching for the truth of the O’Neill’s. But the reality maybe is that they know the truth already, and will not make it public, since either it will give others legitimacy, and just make themselves insignificant in the grand scale of things. Whatever their true reasons they won’t be taken seriously by many.

Last of our kind: part II By M.O’Neill

It’s been over 300 years that the progenitor and founder of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico Don Juan O’Neill arrived on the island, The O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are currently of the SNP L48/S162: R1b1a2a1a1a5c with a unique haplotype only found among the majority of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico (descendants of Don Juan O’Neill) This looks to be the last of a long bloodline with only a certain few people that match mutations on their Haplotype and they with origins from in Yorkshire, England.

All roads lead to a search of the history of Yorkshire and how it relates to our origins. In the late 5th century and early 6th century the tribe of the Angles from the Schleswig-Holstein peninsula subjugated the whole of Eastern Yorkshire circa 560. During the late 700’s A.D. the Danish Vikings crossed the North Sea and plundered the coast of Northumbria.

Circa the mid-9^th century the Yngling King Ragnar Lodbrok led the Danes into Northumbria, but was captured by the Angles and accounts say in a snake pit. In 865 his eldest son Ivar the Boneless landed on East Anglia, where they slew King Edmund the Martyr. Then Danes/ Ynglings headed north and took York in 866.

We do know that the Swedish Munsö dynasty also did become overlords of Jórvík, due to a promised loyalty to the Munsö Kings of Dublin by the Danes in England.

It all comes down to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles A.D. 921 clearly stating:

This year King Edward repaired the town of Gladmouth; and the same year King Sihtric slew Neil his brother.

For those who have not read my other post on the blog Sihtric Ua Ímair (Sihtric Cáech): 917–921 Killed Niall Glundubh. Sihtric and was also the king of Jórvík what is now Yorkshire, England. The Uí Ímair, or the Dynasty of Ivar, were an enormous royal and imperial Norse dynasty who ruled over Northern England, the Irish Sea region and Kingdom of Dublin, and the western coast of Scotland, including the Hebrides, from the mid-9th century, losing control of the first in the mid-10^th. This male line is said to be extinct, yet they married among the Ui Neill. The progenitor Ivar is described in the Irish annals as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and Auisle.

Those who have read my previous post:

The Annals of the Four Masters record in 860 that “Aedh Finnlaith son of Niall Caille and Flann son of Conang went with the lord of the foreigners to plunder Meath”, and the Annals of Ulster record in 863 that "Three kings of the foreigners, Amlaib and Imar and Auisle plundered the land of Flann, son of Conaing, and Lorcan son of Cathal king of Mide was with them in this". There is no dispute that alliances and marriages happened among the Vikings and the Irish in these times. Then things get interesting when the son of the man that killed Niall Glundubh mac Áedo, Amlaíb mac Sihtric is the brother in law of Domhnall Ardmacha Ua Neill, who was the High King of Ireland from 956 to 980, and was the son of Muirchertach mac Neill, and the grandson of Niall Glundubh mac Áedo, and the MRCA of the MacLochlainns and Royal O’Neill’s. He is believed to have been the first to use O’Neill as a surname, for those who do not know Amlaíb mac Sihtric,he was born circa 927 died circa 981; also known as Óláfr Sigtryggsson, Óláfr kváran, but commonly called Amlaíb Cuarán, was a 10th century Norse-Gael who was king of Northumbria and king of Dublin. He had a son named Glúniairn Járnkné (“Iron Knee"), son of his wife Dúnlaith, daughter of Muirchertach mac Néill, and sister of Domhnall Ardmacha Ua Neill.

  

We will never know the true genetic make-up of the O’Neill’s and the Irish population before the 1600’s, since the total population was reduced by plague, famine, war, genocide, immigration of soldiers etc. This makes it harder to find any matches in Ireland assuming that our ancestor left any descendants in Ireland at all, and highly doubt that they did at all. The only three ways this theory can be proven is by one of the males O’Neill’s of the Clannaboy and the Fews come forward with a y-dna sample , and the other is two obtain the y-dna samples from the ancient O’Neill’s . The last one is by some miracle a y-dna sample is obtained from the remains of a medieval Norse, or Dane Viking and the y-dna matches ours Haplotype and SNP. 

At this point of the search! By M.O’Neill

Unlike other O’Neill’s of various claims that jockey to position themselves to be the descendant of this person, or another with their illusions of grandeur. The majority does have a common progenitor, and in the future that will either make them or break them. I can careless what many of these O’Neill’s wish to be or claim to be and this is why it’s a blessing that no other O’Neill can claim to our relative or any other surname either. Again these other O’Neill’s do no matter at all unless they are related to the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico. This is why we must remain independent from any association, or group, and just wait to see how the chips fall. Our y-dna SNP and Haplotype are public, our genealogy, oral history, and the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are now well known at this point. Everything has been laid out of the table and nothing has been hidden, for the world to see, and this is more than I can say for many other O’Neill’s, and they know who they are.

What we do know is that the main group of O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico is of a Germanic origin due to its progenitors’ y-dna SNP. And it’s well known that the main groups of O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico have no known kindred or relatives outside of those who are the direct descendants of Don Juan O’Neill in Puerto Rico. There is no relation with the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico and any other O’Neill in the United States, Australia and Ireland.

A mistake that is not noted by some is that there is no blood relation with the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico and the Fews of Asturias and Seville. Unless one of their males takes a y-dna test and matches us and that is very unlikely. The only relation at the moment is due to the fact that they also lived in Puerto Rico and in St. Croix, and the last will and document of Don Jose O’Neill the grandson of Don Juan O’Neill stating that upon his death that Don Arturo O’Neill must do a Catholic religious ritual. Outside of that there is no relation with the main branch of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico, and the O’Neill’s of the Fews, or the Clannabuidhe O’Neill’s of Portugal. There may be other O’Neill’s on the island that maybe related to the O’Neill’s of the Fews, but that up to them to find out, if they are related, or not, at this point of my ten year search my focus is only on those O’Neill’s that have y-dna tested and the descendants of Don Juan O'Neill.

At the moment the current SNPs tested are the following L148- L48+ P107- U106+ U198- Soon I will be testing for the SNPs L44, L47, and other new SNPs to further place the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico in a unique solo standing among all other O’Neill’s and in a position to find in the future an ancient tribal origin to the progenitor of Don Juan O'Neill.

If there are no current y-dna matches to the progenitor of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico very likely there will be a less percentage in the odds in finding any other O’Neill outside those on the island to match this bloodline. When further test results are shown and with this bloodlines’ unique haplotype it’s very unlikely that any O’Neill in Ireland, Australia, Canada, or the United States will be found or be related to us.

Our best hopes to find any y-dna matches are in Spain where there are plenty of O’Neill’s that do not know of their origins. The regions of Asturias, Catalonia, and Palma Mallorca are places that their maybe O’Neill’s who are related to us. I also have narrowed down that on the region of the Baltic Sea, and on the islands near Jutland we will find some y-dna matches in the future.

Heremon By M.O’Neill

In the Irish mythological legends Heremon was the son of Milesius that was born in Galicia, Spain who cut off his hand to win the kingship of Ulster, and there we get one of the myths of the Red Hand. Later in the legends Heremon slays his brother Heber and Amergin, and becomes the sole monarch of Ireland and divides it among his commanders and family.  According to the myths Heremon gave Munster to the sons of Heber: Er, Orba, Feron, and Ferga. Ulster to Ir, the Eastern part of Leinster he gave to his commander Criomtham-Sciath-Bheil, Connaught to one of his commanders named Un-Mac-Oigge, and a section of Munster to Lughaidh the son of Ithe.

O’Rahilly also points out that the figure of Ir was an invention by Irish genealogist.

A third son, Ir, was added early; the ‘HistoriaBrittonum’ speaks of the invasion of Ireland by tresfilliiMilitisHispaniae, who can only be Eber, Eremon, and Ir. The invention of Ir was probably due in the first instance to the genealogist, who were favorably disposed towards the Cruthin and determined to provide them with a highly respectable Goidelic pedigree. Before the end of the ninth century the number of Mil’s sons had been increased to six by the addition of Donn, Colptha, and Amairgein. Later we find two others added, viz. ErechFebria and Airennan, making a total of eight. In the course of time the genealogist ennobled the remnants of the Erainn by inventing Goidelic pedigrees for them. This was done in particular in two ways. Some branches of them, especially the CorcuLoigde, they made descend from Ith, who is usually represented as son of Bregon and uncle of Mil.  – T.F. O’Rahilly Early Irish History and Mythology.

The name Ir may represent the Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones were a group of early Germanic tribes that circa the 1st century AD who expanded into Bavaria, Swabia and Bohemia. Also lead you to believe thatthe word Heremon may also be a corruption of the word Hermiones.According to T.F. O’Rahilly the name Heremon is based on Eriu, meaning “Ireland.” Yet Ireland was called by many names by the Romans and Greeks: Ierne, Ierna, Ierna, Iris, Irin, Insla Sacra, Ivernia, Ibernia, Hibernia, Juvernia, and Verna. One of the most ancient names was Ogy – Ogia meaning “The most ancient land.”

Irminonic or Elbe Germanic is the conventional term of grouping early West Germanic dialects of ancestral to High German. The name Irminones origins are from the work Germania in 98 A.D.by the Roman Tacitus who categorized them as one of the tribes of the mythical Mannus. Mannus is a Germanic mythological figure he is the son of Tuisto, the mythological founder of the Hermiones, Istvaeones, and Ingaevones.

The mythical founder of the Herminones was Irmin, in Old High German Ermen, and Old Norse Jermun, and Old English Eormen. The name Amergin looks like another corruption of the mythical Armenon or Armin from the name Irmin.

The name Heber is another name that looks to be another corruption of the Hebrew bible figure named Eber, an ancestor of the Israelites; he was the great grandson of Noah’s son Shem and the father of Peleg. This figure Eber refused to help with the building of the Tower of Babel, so his language was not confused with others and he and his family ended up retaining the original human language Hebrew a language named after Eber. But according to T.F. O’Rahilly the name Eber simply means ‘Irishman’ from the words Eberus, Ebernus, and Hibernus. In my opinion, this again proves how the creators of the Milesian genealogies used all types of information from various sources including the Bible to eliminate all types of pagan ancestry, and this would look respectable in the eyes of the church during those periods in Ireland.

The most interesting account is that of Heremon and his association with the origin of the “Red Hand of the O’Neill’s.” I have researched the origin of the Red Hand, and, in my opinion, its origins are of a Germanic one.  There are some tales of the two sons, of a Viking who fought, and one lost his hands in battle to gain kingship of Ulster. This practice is known has “The fountain of Tyr” associated with Viking berserkers, but there is no evidence of this practice was ever done in battle.

Another is an ancient worship of the God Tyr, who lost his right hand versus Fenrir, but the Left Red Hand was used by the O’Neill Kings and the myths say Heremon cut off his Left Hand.  Very likely we will never know the true origins of these mythological legends of the O’Neill’s, but from I have seen they are elaborates creations based on some truth, and after centuries of countless additions of legends taken from various sources very hard to find the truth. 

The Royal House of O’Neill? By M.O’Neill

Many of the Irish families or surname clans were members of the Ui Néill, tracing their descent to a mythical King named Niall of the Nine Hostages also known, as Niall Noígallach, yet the O'Neill Royal dynasty took their name from Niall Glúndub mac Áedo. I believe that all scholars and everyone that has studied the Royal House of O’Neill will agree and come to the common consensus, but you still have those people out there that still want to the O’Neill’s to be part of the Ui Neill dynasty.

I think I have explained enough about Niall Glundubh mac Áedo and the overlooked statement in the Anglo Saxon Chronicles:

.

A.D. 921 And all the army in East-Anglia swore union with him; that they would all that he would, and would protect all that he protected, either by sea or land.  And the army that belonged to Cambridge chose him separately for their lord and protector, and confirmed the same with oaths, as he had advised.  This year King Edward repaired the town of Gladmouth; and the same year King Sihtric slew Neil his brother.
Annals of Ulster

In 919 The heathens won a battle against the Irish at Duiblinn in which fell Niall Glúndub son of Aed, king of Ireland, in the third year of his reign, on the fourth feria, the eighteenth of the Kalends of October 14 Sept., and here fell also Aed son of Eochucán, king of Conchobor's Province, and MaelMithig son of Flannacán, king of Brega, and Conchobor grandson of Mael Sechnaill, heir designate or king of Temair, and Flaithbertach son of Domnall, heir designate of the North, and the son of Dub Sínaig, i.e. MaelCraibe, king of Airgialla, and many other nobles.—The battle of Áth Cliath won by the foreigners.

I believe that we can all say that Sigtrygg Cáech was the Norse King of Dublin who later reigned as King of York, and it was him that killed Niall Glundubh mac Áedo. In a warfare that is recorded to have occurred in 918, and in 919. But this is not the only problem with the Royal House of O’Neill pedigree! We have according to the Lebor Eoghanach it clearly stating that Aodh Athlaman is said to be the last of his race! Anyone with a common sense would ask. How the hell the Royal House O’Neill’s could have been the descendants from someone who was the last of his race? And if this is true then this would mean very likely that they were not the same as the others within the O’Neill clan.

The truth is that from the years of 1036 to 1177 the O’Neill’s genealogy of pedigree is not really known that is over 140 years!!!! Let’s say an estimated 4 generations. For any O’Neill to claim to be from the Royal House O’Neill, because he tests positive for the SNP M222 is total ignorance and stupidity. We have O’Neill’s of the SNP M405/S21/U106 R1b1a2a1a1a; O’Neill’s of the SNP L21/S145/M529 R1b1a2a1a1b4 (4,000 ybp.); O’Neill’s of the SNP S28/U152 R1b1a2a1a1b3 (3,500 ybp.); O’Neill’s of the SNP P312/S116R1b1b2a1b (5,300 ybp.); also O’Neill’s that belong to the Haplogroup I etc. 

There is also the Feardorcha “Matthew” O’Neill Bloodline that produced one of the greatest O’Neill’s of all time, yet he is said to be the bastard son of a John Kelly, and considered not to be a true O’Neill by many in Ireland. There are also various off shoots and clans of the Royal Tyrone House of O’Neill and then the Clannabuidhe O’Neill’s etc. 

The facts are that a simple independent test of the y-dna, of many of the O’Neill ancient remains, and the coming forward of a few males of the O’Neill’s of the Fews in Spain and Clannabuidhe in Portugal  will be very beneficial to finding and finally putting an end to the foolishness of many. All sort of NPE (Non Paternal Events) could have occurred with the Royal House O’Neill, and this is including the arrival of the Normans in Ulster, during a period when the Royal House O’Neill clan pedigree is very dubious. But still you have every O’Neill claiming to be a descendant of the Royal Tyrone House of O’Neill, honestly the SNP and Haplotype of the Royal Tyrone House of O’Neill is not known. And definitely regardless what some believe the M222 Niall of the Nine Hostages may not be it!  

In search of Don Constantino O’Neill: I By M.O’Neill

I started my final search for Don Constantino O’Neill, and what I have found is not much, since there are so many O’Neill’s with the name Conn, but not many in Spain, or what is now the Holland and Belgium once known as the Spanish Netherlands. I found a few short excerpts from letters in the 1600’s referring to Constantino O'Neill.

In another letter written this time by Don Eugenio (Owen Roe) O’Neill he writes the following:

“He (that is Hugh Duff O’Neill) desires more particularly to witness to your excellency that I have seen the will of the late Earl of Tyrone, John O’Neill, and the father of the younger man that is lately dead here, after whom is also and another, Conn O’Neill, who is also dead, I can assure you excellency that this Hugh O’Neill that now calls himself Earl of Tyrone, is the third, and consequently, the head of the house.”

This John O’Neill mentioned was Don Juan O’Neill who died in January of 1641 in the Battle of Montjuic in Catalonia. The Conn O’Neill mentioned was the younger son of Don Hugh O’Neill, 2^nd Earl of Tyrone, he is said to have died in the tower of London.

In a letter written in April 12, 1642 on regard of a Don Constantino O’Neill the letter has the following written:

“As to what you write touching Don Eugenio O’Neill, I apprehend no such danger; he is not disposed to claim more than his father enjoyed for he acknowledges that all immediate right to the earldom of Tyrone belongs to Don Constantino, who is in Spain. So long as he lives, Don Eugenio can claim nothing, as he publicly acknowledges, offering to serve no matter who – Don Felim, or another, in common cause of religion and realm.”

What is interesting is Don Eugenio (Owen Roe) O’Neill was asked, if he was or would be the Earl of Tyrone, and he replied by saying the “True” Earl of Tyrone was Constantino O’Neill at the time living in Spain. To my knowledge I don’t believe anyone knows who this Constantino was , and it may look like that I’m not the only one looking for a Don Constantino O’Neill, if it’s the same one which I can no say he is or not at the moment.

What is known is that this Don Constantino in August of 1642 took to the sea from Rochelle with fifty soldiers in a ship laden with arms and powder. La Rochelle is a city in Western France and was the largest seaport on the Bay of Biscay, or the Atlantic coast of France.Where was this ship heading to? And was this Don Constantino O’Neill who was raised in Galicia, Spain? What is also known is that La Rochelle was a haven for French privateers, merchants, and pirates. The Caribbean was well known to these men example are the maps of the islands in the West Indies done in the early 1600’s. I have not found any evidence that a Don Constantino O’Neill sailed to the Caribbean during the mid-1600, and finding records of such a voyage is basically impossible for me to do.

In 1641 around 300 Irish soldiers from Ireland arrived in Galicia, Spain, the question is the progenitor of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico among these men? It must not be forgotten that in August of 1653 the Spanish crown declared a moratorium on all Irish soldiers arriving in Spain, and in that same year many of the surviving soldiers, of the army, of Don Eugenio (Owen Roe) O’Neill during the Irish Rebellion arrived in La Coruna, Galicia, Spain. From 1641 to 1654 over 22,000Irish arrived in Spain.The last ship to arrive in Galicia, Spain from Ireland was in 1654.

Was Don Constantino O’Neill among these men in Galicia? From what I have been able to find is that Don Juan O’Neill was likely born in Spain and not on the island of Puerto Rico, and there is a possibility that Don Patricio O’Neill arrived with Don Alejandro “Bloody” O’Reilly in 1765 on the island, yet I have not found any military records to confirm this theory. The general theory is thatDon Juan O’Neill arrived with his two brothers circa the 1700’s from Spain or possible other islands in the Caribbean. From 1686 to 1701 the Spanish crown denied all Flemish and Irish families to settle in Puerto Rico.

What I have found and know is that this O’Neill family was separate and very different from the others O’Neill’s, and it seems that they did not intermingled with others for whatever their reasons. Another thing is the lack of males in this family and this is shown by their y-dna Haplotype and SNP that is not found among the O’Neill’s in Ireland. This has made the search harder not that the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico do not match any other O’Neill’s I can careless for that but the fact that theydo not match anyone, as if all know relatives have vanished from the face of the earth. Yet this is common among a few families in the SNP L48 it seem that those within this SNP kept the male gene pool limited. On the y-dna end I expect very little news outside new results coming in when I test for some new subclades of the SNP L48. I don’t expect any y-dna matches at all unless another O’Neill of Puerto Rico is brave enough, or cares enough about his ancestry to take a y-dna test, and asking for those to test is something I have given up on.

 The big mystery is to know in reality the true origin of the O’Neill’s in Spain, and the biggest one being the progenitor of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico Don Constantino O’Neill.These O’Neill’s kept many secrets one account that is puzzling is the father in law of François-Henry O’Neill, who married one Herminie de la Ponce. NowFrançois-Henry’s, father in law claimed that Brian O'Neill was not murdered as a schoolboy in Brussels, but grew up to be killed at Barcelona in 1641. Now if this is true then this Brian O’Neill, son of Don Hugo O’Neill, 2^nd Earl of Tyrone may have had children. Who knows what truly happened in this family and what they did, I don’t care, if I descend from any of this men , but finding the origins of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico is a the goal. 

There is the letter and records that places a Don Constantino O’Neill in La Rochelle, France circa 1642, and I have no idea of his age at that time. Assuming this is the Don Constantino O’Neill I am in search of.

1642 – A Don Constantino O’Neillis in La Rochelle, France.

1670’s - Patrick O’Neill’s son James O’Neill (2nd Comte de Tyrone) receives lands from the Compagnie des Iles d'Amérique or Company of the American Islands, and settles on the island of Martinique.

1686 to 1701 - The Spanish crown denied all Flemish and Irish families to settle in Puerto Rico.

Early 1700’s – Don Juan O’Neill is Born.

1761 - Colonel Don Tomas O’Daly, who served in the Ultonia Regiment in 1744, and also was educated in Barcelona, by 1761 O’Daly, had a thriving sugar plantation in Puerto Rico, and Don Tomas O'Daly had a brother named Jaime O’Daly, who resided in Cadiz circa 1763.

1765 – Don Alejandro “Bloody” O’Reilly arrives in Puerto Rico.

1775 - Jaime O'Daly applied for a license to export goods from Puerto Rico, and with the protection of his brother Colonel Don Tomas O’Daly, he became a well-known sugar and tobacco merchant.

1778 - Don Patricio O'Neill Garcia married Anna Feliciano in in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.

From what we see is that those in the Ultonia Regiments already had settled in Puerto Rico in the start of the 1760’s, or possibly even earlier. Once more documents are found more will be known, and the records from the Ultonia regiment are one component that is necessary to solve this mystery. I have other leads that I will no talk about that will likely give me some results, and I hope that in my spare time I’m able to find some clues.

SIDE NOTE: Any info is welcomed I can be emailed at theredhandking@gmail.com

Does it matter? by M.O'Neill

Does it matter if the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico match their y-dna with any other O’Neill in Ireland, Australia, or the United States?  To me personally it does not matter at all and it doesn’t make any difference, since the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are likely not to match anyone at all, or even the O’Neill’s of the Fews and the Clannabuidhe O’Neill’s. If an O’Neill those match us outside the Island of Puerto Rico? It will be interesting, but, in my opinion, matching a person with that McLachlan or McLaughlin surname would be of a greater importance, since they are the closest kindred of the O’Neill’s.There are McLaughlin’s who are of the SNP U106 and have not tested for the SNP L48, although their haplotype doesn’t match ours. 

The O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are unique and from an ancient Germanic tribal origin. The most important things are one is to find a different progenitor, or a common one, among the various O’Neill families in Puerto Rico. Second finding the O’Neill’s Germanic tribal origins of our ancestors is important all points to an East Germanic origin.The East Germanic tribes were a wave of migrants who may have moved from Scandinavia into the area between theOder and Vistula rivers between the years 600 and 300 BC. Some theories have the East Germanic tribes, related to the North Germanic tribes.

Looking at those matches with a -20 and – 18 genetic distances within the SNP L48, and then those that have the value of 21 on the marker DYS YCA II b the regions of those matches are in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Sweden.I highly doubt although not impossible that our O’Neill’s ancestor origins is of a Germanic tribe that made their way from Central Europe all the way into Ireland. Among the possible ancient ancestorsof the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are the Belgae ,the Bastarnae, theBurgundians, theGoths, the Thervings, the Greuthungs, the Visigoths, the Ostrogoths, the Crimean Goths, the Gepids, the Rugians, theScirii, theVandals, the Heruli, or the Lombard.

Now I would not discard a possible Norman origin during their time and well known involvement with the O’Neill’s in Ulster. A Non Paternal Event like the marriage of a Viking, and an O’Neill daughter that has been well documented to have occurred, and have spent some time in previous blog postings on this very subject.

I estimate that there are around 100 to 150 O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico males. I also estimate that around up to 60 % of the male O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico will share the same common ancestor, and will be of the SNP L48 ,or its subclades, and the rest 40% maybe of various other SNPs.

·         Any O’Neill of Puerto Rico or in the Caribbean that is willing to take a y-dna can contact me at the theredhandking@gmail.com . 

The Last Of Our Kind? By M.O’Neill

I have had various experts look at the Haplotype and none has found a possible origin outside it being of a Germanic origin. Only two O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are currently FTDNA y-dna tested and from my SNP test results it’s concluded that both are R1b1b2a1a4 L148- L48+ P107- U106+ U198- . The only current match is this distant cousin from Puerto Rico who tested, and was 35/37 markers. And he did not only not on the mismatch marker of DYS CDY a/b which is common. Outside that we are 100% related with a TMRCA estimated around 95% circa the year 1710 A.D. This being the progenitor of the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico Don Juan O'Neill.

(TMRCA this term used by population geneticists indicates the Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor shared with another person.)

DYS 393 = 13

DYS 390 = 23

DYS 447 = 24

DYS 448 = 19

DYS YCA II a = 19

DYS YCA II b = 21

DYS 456 = 13

DYS 537 = 11

DYS 534 = 17

DYS 413 a / b = 23, 23

DYS 492 = 13

(MISMATCH MARKERS VALUES: DYS 439 = 11; DYS 385 a/b = 11, 14; DYS 389-1 = 13; DYS 389-2 = 29; DYS 458 = 19; DYS 459 a/b = 9, 10; DYS 464 a/b = 15, 15; DYS 576 = 18; DYS 570 = 18; CDY a/b = 38, 41)

The O’Neill’s of Puerto RicoL48 SNP Haplotype matches at 67 markers and the closest genetic distance are -18. There is no doubt that the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico are of a Germanic origin, but it looks to be of an ancient origin, since all matches are -18 and -20. In my opinion, the O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico look to have origins sometime around 400 B.C. – 300 B.C.in the ancient regions of what are now the Czech Republic, Austria, Germany , Poland, and Switzerland.

Using all 67 markers searching for matches with those already of the L48 + SNP I had these results:

Staffordshire, England -18

Banbury, Oxford, England -19

Banbury, Oxford, England     -21

Switzerland   -20

West Bromwich, England -22

Sarvijoki, Jurva, Finland -20

Region Westph.Low Saxony,, Germany -21

Netherlands Antilles    -21

Scotland -21

Sweden    -23

Dublin, Ireland -22

Devonshire, England -21

Altona, Germany    -22

Germany   -23

Ippischburg (now Eppisburg), Bavaria/Bayern, Germany      -23

Goteborg, Sweden   -23

Orkney, Scotland -23

Outer Hebrides, Scotland -25

Kronoberg, Sweden -24

Rukingen, Germany -24

Germany   -24

Yorkshire, England -24

Denmark   -24

Gent, Belgium -25

Almendralejo Spain, Spain -26

Smaland, Sweden -25

Cologne, Germany -25

Gnevezow, Mecklenburg, Germany -24

Prussia, Germany -26

Spain     -27

Germany   -26

Nanzweiler, Germany -26

Canton Berne, Switzerland -27

Vardingholt-Rhede, Germany -27

Norway    -29

Stockholm, Sweden -30

Rijkevorsel, Belgium -29

Denmark   -30

Stockholm (city), Sweden -31

Hoelstein, Canton Basel, Switzerland -30

West Prussia, Germany -32   

Prussia, Germany -32

Romania   -33

Bavaria/Bayern, Germany -35

Those R1b1a2a1a1a4 / L48 that match at 37 markers tested and their – minus genetic distances. A 36/37 match is a 50% probability that there is a MRCA within 4 generations within (120 years), and a 95% probability within 10 generations (300 years).

Yorkshire, England - 14

West Prussia/ Germany - 12

North Rhine- Westphalia, Germany -16

Lippe, Germany     -17

Posen/Pozna'n, Germany - 19

Nordrhein-Westfalen/North Rhine- Westphalia, Germany -18

Epleny/Olaszfalu, Hungary -18

Bukovina, Transylvania, Hungary   -16

Saponara, Sicily -18

Agdenes, Norway -20

Kleinmantel, Germany -21

Germany   -21

Joniskis, Lithuania -23

Hessen-Kassel, Germany -23

Roxburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland     -23

Switzerland   - 23

Soppe le Haut, Alsace, France -23

France    -23

Hutton le Hole, Yorkshire, England -23

Sachsen (Electoral Saxony), Germany -10

Those that only match 23 of the 25 markers, but do not match past 25 markers. Many are of different SNP’s and do not match outside just markers. Currently only two have not tested past 12 to 25 markers, and the rest have tested for 37 markers.

Wilkinson (Y37);Broadhurst (Y37);Plies (Y37); Wilkerson (Y37); Roper (Y37);Banks (Y37); Lee (Y37);Crowe (Y37);Brown; Harvey (Y67); Holliday (Y37); Sherwood (Y67);Beal; Leask (Y37);Holden(Y67).

Surnames that just match -1 GD at 12 markers there is a 95% probability that there is a MRCA within 1,410 years. Only the McLaughlin’s have tested positive for the L48 SNP, but are too far apart when it comes to above 12 markers. 

Kelley (Y67); McLaughlin (Y37); Holmes (Y67); White (Y37); Walker (Y67); O'Neill (Y37); Boucek (Y67); Broadhurst (Y37); Harris (Y67); Johnson (Y67); Sorensen (Y12); Lynch (Y67); McLaughlin (Y67); McLaughlin (Y67); Mones (Y67); Harley (Y67); Nieves (Y37); Grant (Y67).

Side Note:

For those O’Neill’s of Puerto Rico who have yet to have a Y-DNA test or don’t understand why its’ important. Y-DNA passes from father to son almost unaltered for long periods of time, and this is why it’s important to know who is related to whom or who is not.